8. Heredity Class 10 Science [LATEST] Solutions Additional Questions With Solutions in english - CBSE Study
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are carefully prepared according to the latest CBSE syllabus and NCERT textbooks to help students understand every concept clearly. These solutions cover all important 8. Heredity with detailed explanations and step-by-step answers for better exam preparation. Each Additional Questions With Solutions is explained in simple language so that students can easily grasp the fundamentals and improve their academic performance. The study material is designed to support daily homework, revision practice, and final exam preparation for Class 10 students. With accurate answers, concept clarity, and structured content, these NCERT solutions help learners build confidence and score higher marks in their examinations. Whether you are revising a specific topic or preparing an entire chapter, this resource provides reliable and syllabus-based guidance for complete success in Science.
Class 10 English Medium Science All Chapters:
8. Heredity
4. Additional Questions With Solutions
Extra Important Questions with Answers – Chapter 8: Heredity
Q1: What is heredity?
Ans: Heredity is the process by which characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring through genes.
Q2: What are inherited traits?
Ans: Inherited traits are characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring through genes.
Q3: What are acquired traits?
Ans: Acquired traits are characteristics developed during an individual's lifetime due to environmental influences. They are not inherited.
Q4: What is variation?
Ans: Variation refers to the differences in characteristics among individuals of the same species.
Q5: Why is variation important?
Ans: Variation helps organisms adapt to changing environmental conditions and increases their chances of survival.
Q6: What is a gene?
Ans: A gene is the basic unit of heredity that controls the inheritance of a specific trait.
Q7: Where are genes located?
Ans: Genes are located on chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell.
Q8: What are chromosomes?
Ans: Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information.
Q9: What is DNA?
Ans: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the genetic material that carries hereditary information from one generation to the next.
Q10: What is a trait?
Ans: A trait is a specific characteristic or feature of an organism, such as eye color or plant height.
Q11: What is Mendel's law of dominance?
Ans: Mendel's law of dominance states that when two contrasting traits are present together, only the dominant trait is expressed in the offspring.
Q12: What are dominant and recessive traits?
Ans: A dominant trait is expressed even in the presence of one dominant allele, while a recessive trait is expressed only when both alleles are recessive.
Q13: What is an allele?
Ans: An allele is an alternative form of the same gene that controls a particular trait.
Q14: What is genotype?
Ans: Genotype is the genetic makeup or combination of alleles present in an organism.
Q15: What is phenotype?
Ans: Phenotype is the observable physical appearance or expressed characteristics of an organism.
Q16: Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Ans: Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, whereas phenotype refers to its visible characteristics.
Q17: What is a monohybrid cross?
Ans: A monohybrid cross is a cross involving only one pair of contrasting traits.
Q18: What phenotypic ratio is obtained in the F₂ generation of a monohybrid cross?
Ans: The phenotypic ratio is 3 : 1.
Q19: What genotypic ratio is obtained in the F₂ generation of a monohybrid cross?
Ans: The genotypic ratio is 1 : 2 : 1.
Q20: What is a dihybrid cross?
Ans: A dihybrid cross is a cross involving two pairs of contrasting traits.
Q21: State Mendel's law of segregation.
Ans: The two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation, and each gamete receives only one allele.
Q22: State Mendel's law of independent assortment.
Ans: Different pairs of alleles assort independently during gamete formation.
Q23: What is a sex chromosome?
Ans: Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual. In humans, they are X and Y chromosomes.
Q24: How is the sex of a child determined in humans?
Ans: The father determines the sex of the child. An X-bearing sperm produces a girl (XX), while a Y-bearing sperm produces a boy (XY).
Q25: Why can't acquired traits be inherited?
Ans: Acquired traits do not affect the DNA of reproductive cells, so they cannot be passed on to the next generation.
Q26: Why are variations beneficial to a species?
Ans: Variations help species survive environmental changes and increase the chances of evolution.
Q27: What is evolution?
Ans: Evolution is the gradual change in inherited characteristics of organisms over many generations.
Q28: What is the relationship between heredity and evolution?
Ans: Heredity passes variations to offspring, and the accumulation of useful variations over generations leads to evolution.
Q29: Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?
Ans: Mendel chose pea plants because they have distinct contrasting traits, a short life cycle, and can self-pollinate as well as cross-pollinate easily.
Q30: Name any four contrasting characters studied by Mendel in pea plants.
Ans: Tall/Dwarf plants, Round/Wrinkled seeds, Yellow/Green seeds, and Violet/White flowers.