Chapter 4. Climate
Question: What is climate?
Answer: Climate is the sum total of the weather conditions over a large area over a long period of time (more than 30 years).
Question: What is Monsoon?
Answer- Monsoon means there is a change in the direction of the wind according to the season during a year.
Question: What are the main components of weather and climate?
Answer- These elements are :- 1. Temperature 2. Atmospheric pressure 3. Wind 4. Humidity 5. Rain.
Question: Why is the climate of India called monsoon climate?
Answer- Following are the reasons for calling the climate of India as monsoon climate:-
1. India is located in the tropical zone between 200 N and 200 D.
2. The northern half of India falls in the sub-tropical zone. Here the north-east trade winds blow.
3. Here the pressure and surface winds are the conditions of a Western Disturbance and Tropical Cyclone.
4. Here the phenomenon of El Nio Southern Oscillation is active.
Question: Which place in India receives maximum rainfall in the world?
Answer- In the state of Assam in Masinram.
Question: What are the factors affecting the climate of India?
The following are the factors affecting the climate of India :-
(1) latitude
(2) Height/Altitude
(3) Air pressure and wind system
(4) distance from sea
(5) ocean currents
(6) Relief
Question: Which atmospheric conditions govern the climate related weather conditions in India?
Answer- Climate related weather conditions in India are governed by the following atmospheric conditions:-
(1) Air pressure and surface winds
(2) upper air circulation
(3) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
Question: What is the Corialis force?
Answer- The apparent force produced due to the rotation of the earth is called Corialis force.
Question: Between how many degrees of latitude are jet streams located?
Answer – Between 270 to 300 latitudes.
Question: What are jet streams? How does it affect the climate of India?
Answer- These are the winds affected at an altitude of 12000 meters in the troposphere. In fact, these are western jet winds blowing at very high altitudes. Their velocity is about 110 kilometers per hour in summer and 184 kilometers per hour in winter. It continues to move over the mid-latitude and sub-tropical region. These currents flow in latitude 270 to 300 north. It generates Western Disturbance. Such disturbances are formed in the north and north-western parts of India. These are called subtropical jet streams.
Question: What are jet streams?
Ans- These are the western winds of very high altitude in the troposphere located in a narrow belt.
Question: What is a Western Cyclonic Disturbance?
Ans- Western cyclonic disturbance arising in the winter months is due to the westerly flow coming from the Mediterranean Sea. These are called western cyclonic disturbances.
Question: What is the approximate flow of monsoon in the tropical region?
Answer – The flow of monsoon remains between about 200 north and 200 south in the tropical region.
Question: What is the Intertropical Convergence Zone?
In the north-equatorial latitudes, the area of wide trough and low pressure is called inter-tropical convergence zone.
Question: What is El Nino?
Answer- The development of warm water stream permanently in place of cold Peru water stream is called El Nino.
Question: When does climate arrive in India?
Answer- The arrival of climate in India occurs between early June to mid-September.
Question: Who is called Baisakhi tomorrow?
Answer – Strong winds are accompanied by torrential rain and often snow showers are also accompanied by it. Being in the month of Vaishakh, it is called Vaishakhi tomorrow.
Question: What is Western Disturbance?
North- These are disturbances imposed by the western and eastern jet streams, they exert their influence in the north and north-western parts of the country.
Question: When does it rain in the islands of India?
Answer- In the first week of April, it receives rain till the first week of May.
Question: What is the climate of India?
Answer: The climate of India is monsoon climate.
Question: In which parts of the world monsoon climate is found?
Answer: Monsoon climate climate is found mainly in South and South-East Asia.
Question: Despite the uniformity in India's climate pattern, there are regional variations in the climatic condition of the country. Explain.
Answer:
(i) In summer, the temperature of some places in the desert of Rajasthan reaches about 500 C, while in Pahalgam of Jammu and Kashmir, the temperature remains around 200 C. On winter nights, the temperature of Drass in Jammu and Kashmir can be as high as .450 C, while in Thiruvananthapuram it can be 200 C.
(ii) Most of the precipitation in the Himalayas is in the form of snow and in the rest of the country it is in the form of rain.
(iii) The difference in temperature is less in the coastal areas. seasonal or
The seasonal difference is greater.
Question: Name the factors that control the climate of a region.
Answer:
(i) Latitude: Due to the roundness of the earth, the amount of solar energy falling on the earth varies according to the latitudes. The temperature decreases from the equator towards the poles.
(ii) Altitude: When a person moves from the surface of the earth to a height, the density of the atmosphere decreases and the temperature decreases.
