Exercise - Question:
Que: Fill in the blanks:
(a) ———————— was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.
(b) The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the ————————
(c) Ploughmen were known as ———————— in Tamil.
(d) Most grihapatis were ———————— landowners.
Ans:
(i) Vellalar (ii) Slave and hired workers. (iii) Uzhavar (iv) Smaller
Que: Describe the functions of the gramabhojaka. Why do you think he was powerful?
Ans: The function of the grambhojaka and he was powerful :
(i) In the northen parts of country the village headman was known as the grambhojaka.
(ii) The post was hereditary.
(iii) He was the largest landowener.
Que: List the crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities.
Ans:
(1) Blacksmiths
(2) Carpenter
(3) Weavers.
Q4. Choose the correct answer:
(a) Ring wells were used for:
1. bathing
2. washing clothes
3. irrigation
4. drainage
(b) Punch marked coins were made of:
1. silver
2. gold
3. tin
4. ivory
(c) Mathura was an important:
1. village
2. port
3. religious centre
4. forested area
(d) Shrenis were associations of:
1. rulers
2. crafts persons
3. farmers
4. herders
Ans:
(a) - 4 (b) - 1 (c) - 3 (d) - 2
Que: Which of the iron tools shown on page 87 would have been important for agriculture? What would the other tools have been used for?
Ans: Ploughshares would have been important for agriculture. The other tools used were sickles and axes. The other tools like tongs, nails and hammer were used for carpentry and also by ironsmith.
Que: Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?
Ans: The drainage system in the cities in the present times is highly developed. There is under ground drainage system with cover covered dains. The bathrooms, toilets and kitchens have underground system and are connected to the main dains outside.
| Ancient cities | Present cities |
| (i) Toilets in the houses. | (i) Toilets in the houses, with cisterns and flushes. |
| (ii) Ring wells used as garbage bins. | (ii) In the present times, there are garbage pits where garbage from whole city is dumped. |
