Chapter-review:
- The processes which together perform for maintenance job are
life processes. - Since these maintenance processes are needed to prevent damage
and break-down, energy is needed for them. - Multicellular organisms have specialised tissue for different jobs like transportation, excreation and digestion etc.
- Outsidee raw materials are carbon dioxide and water that are used by organisms.
- The proccess by which organisms take their food and get energy for life process is known as nutrition.
- There are two types of nutrition: (i) Autotrophic nutrition (ii) Hetrotrophic nutrition.
- There are three types of Hertrotrophic nutrition: (i) Saprophytic nutrition (ii) Holozoic Nutrition (iii) Parasitic nutrition.
- The nutrition in which organisms make their own food itself by the photosynthesis is called autotrophic nutrition.
- The nutrition in which organisms take their food by autotrophs or other sources is known as hetrotrophic nutrition.
- Holozoic nutrition: Animals take in solid food and breakdown or obsorb it inside the body. Amoeba and animals.
- Saprophytic nutrition: The nutrition in which organisms feed on dead and decaying materials. Like bacteria and Moosrooms etc.
- Paracytic nutrition: Some organisms live inside or outside of other organisms which is called host and derive ntrition from host. Like Tape worms, Lice in animals and cuscuta in plants.
- Amoeba move with the help of pseudopodia (extension of cell
membrane). - Amoeba digests food in the food vacuole.
- The human digestive system comprises of alimentary canal and associated digestive glands.
- The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.
- The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called vill.
- The process takes place in the presence of air (oxygen), it is called aerobic respiration.
- The process takes place in the absence of air (oxygen), it is called anaerobic respiration.
- The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used
to synthesise a molecule called ATP. - Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
- The body temperature depends on the temperature in the environment.
- The biood goes through the heart twice during each cycle in other vertebrates. This is known as double circulation.
- The force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel is called blood pressure.
- The pressure of blood inside the artery during ventricular systole (contraction) is called systolic pressure.
- The pressure in artery during ventricular diastole (relaxation) is called diastolic pressure.
- The normal systolic pressure is about 120 mm of Hg and diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg.
- Blood pressureis measured with an instrument called sphygmomanometer.
- The smallest vessels have walls which are one-cell thick and are called capillaries.
- Lymph is another type of fluid also involved in transportation. This is
called lymph or tissue fluid. - Each kidney has large numbers of these filtration units called nephrons.